Among the 300 or so political emails I get on a daily basis are some from a group wanting to Abolish the Electoral College!. I’ve always ignored them because I didn’t see any way, no matter how much money I might contribute, that it could be done given the then current state of the country. There is no way, for instance, that a sufficient number of states would pass a constitutional amendment providing for the election of the president by popular vote,since it would dilute the influence of (mostly red) states with low populations. I should add here that as I never bothered to read the emails from the group I’ve mentioned and only seen the subject lines, it’s quite possible that what they were advocating, though impossible until last Tuesday, is now somewhat possible.
It is a fact that the manner in which presidential electors are chosen is entirely up to the individual states. State legislatures can decide how to choose them, unless constrained by a provision of the state constitution. After all, our sainted Founding Fathers provided that the electors would be chosen as follows:
Each State shall appoint, in such Manner as the Legislature thereof may direct, a Number of Electors, equal to the whole Number of Senators and Representatives to which the State may be entitled in the Congress: but no Senator or Representative, or Person holding an Office of Trust or Profit under the United States, shall be appointed an Elector.
Given the number of state legislatures that were flipped this year, it is now quite possible for the National Popular Vote Compact to be adopted by a sufficient number of states to become operative. The compact basically provides that if a sufficient number of states, with total electoral votes exceeding a majority, adopt the compact, the states adopting the compact will cast their electoral votes for the candidate who got the most popular votes, regardless of whether that candidate won the popular vote in that state. The current state of the compact is set forth at the Wikipedia link above.
There’s a good discussion of the possibility of passage here at Mother Jones, well worth reading. Basically, given the fact that the Democrats have flipped a lot of state legislatures, passage by a sufficient number of states is a real possibility.
Of course there’s always the probability that John Roberts et. al. will declare the “compact” unconstitutional, relying on this provision of the constitution:
No State shall, without the Consent of Congress, lay any Duty of Tonnage, keep Troops, or Ships of War in time of Peace, enter into any Agreement or Compact with another State, or with a foreign Power, or engage in War, unless actually invaded, or in such imminent Danger as will not admit of delay.
It’s fairly clear that the “compact” at issue here is not what the framers had in mind when they drafted the constitution, but original intent only matters when it lines up with the political preferences of the majority of the Supreme Court. This is not really a compact. Each state is simply providing that it will do as other states do, so long as a sufficient number of states have decided likewise. The Oxford English Dictionary defines a compact as a formal agreement or contract between two or more parties. I’m no longer a practicing lawyer, but my recollection is that once you’ve signed a contract you can’t back out of it unless the other party to the contract lets you do so, but in fact any state that joined this “compact” could change its laws any time it wanted. The kind of compact the Framers envision is like the one that existed between the states that joined the Confederacy.
In any event, given the Democratic majority in both houses of Congress it’s quite likely that Congress would consent, and the provision in question doesn’t say anywhere that the president has a role in the process, but again John Roberts and his ilk will think otherwise.
So, while I started this post thinking I was going to impart good news, as I wrote it I became more and more convinced it wouldn’t happen given the current makeup of the Supreme Court.
But wait, maybe there’s hope, for as the article from Mother Jones to which I’ve linked points out, the right wing states might have reason to withhold their disapproval:
While Democrats have been the chief drivers of the national vote compact, Republicans might conclude they would also benefit from a change. On Tuesday, Democrats swept statewide races in Texas, shattering the political epicenter of the Republican Party. The win showed that in a wave, Texas can go blue, and with it, the second-largest state’s 40 electoral votes. Georgia, North Carolina, Ohio, and Iowa also saw Democratic sweeps. These results may induce some Republicans to support the compact, reasoning that they might have more luck by actually counting millions of Republican votes in California and New York, for example, than by hoping swing states go their way in tough years.
That logic probably applies to 2028, so we’d have to hope that both the Republicans and the Roberts court think in the short term, though Roberts could always come up with a rationale for finding it okay in 2028, but not okay after that.